A Snowflake table named 'SALES DATA contains a 'TRANSACTION DATE column stored as VARCHAR. The data in this column is inconsistent; some rows have dates in 'YYYY-MM-DD' format, others in 'MM/DD/YYYY' format, and some contain invalid date strings like 'N/A'. You need to standardize all dates to 'YYYY-MM-DD' format and store them in a new column called FORMATTED DATE in a new table 'STANDARDIZED_SALES DATA. Which of the following approaches, using Snowpark Python and SQL, most effectively handles these inconsistencies and minimizes errors during data transformation? Select all that apply:

• A. Using a single 'TO_DATE function with format parameter set to 'AUTO' combined with 'TO_VARCHAR to format the date to 'YYYY-MM-DD'.
• B. Creating a view on top of 'SALES_DATA' that implements the conversion logic. This avoids creating a new physical table immediately and allows for experimentation with different conversion strategies before materializing the data.
• C. Employing Snowpark's error handling mechanism (e.g., 'try...except' blocks) within a loop to iteratively convert each date string, catching and logging errors, and storing valid dates in a new column.
• D. Using a Snowpark Python UDF to parse each date string individually, handling different formats with conditional logic, and returning a formatted date string. This provides flexibility in handling diverse date formats.
• E. Using a series of DATE" and 'TO_VARCHAR SQL functions in Snowpark to attempt converting the date in different formats and then formatting the result to 'YYYY-MM-DD'. Any conversion failing returns NULL.

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You are developing a Python stored procedure in Snowflake to train a machine learning model using scikit-learn. The training data resides in a Snowflake table named 'SALES DATA. You need to pass the feature columns (e.g., 'PRICE, 'QUANTITY) and the target column ('REVENUE) dynamically to the stored procedure. Which of the following approaches is the MOST secure and efficient way to achieve this, preventing SQL injection vulnerabilities and ensuring data integrity within the stored procedure?

• A. Option A
• B. Option E
• C. Option B
• D. Option C
• E. Option D

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You are working with a Snowflake table 'CUSTOMER DATA containing customer information for a marketing campaign. The table includes columns like 'CUSTOMER ID', 'FIRST NAME', 'LAST NAME, 'EMAIL', 'PHONE NUMBER, 'ADDRESS, 'CITY, 'STATE, ZIP CODE, 'COUNTRY, 'PURCHASE HISTORY, 'CLICKSTREAM DATA, and 'OBSOLETE COLUMN'. You need to prepare this data for a machine learning model focused on predicting customer churn. Which of the following strategies and Snowpark Python code snippets would be MOST efficient and appropriate for removing irrelevant fields and handling potentially sensitive personal information while adhering to data governance policies? Assume data governance requires removing personally identifiable information (PII) that isn't strictly necessary for the churn model.

• A. Drop 'OBSOLETE_COLUMN'. For columns like and 'LAST_NAME' , consider aggregating into a single 'FULL_NAME feature if needed for some downstream task. Apply hashing or tokenization techniques to sensitive PII columns like and 'PHONE NUMBER using Snowpark UDFs, depending on the model's requirements. Drop columns like 'ADDRESS, 'CITY, 'STATE, ZIP_CODE, 'COUNTRY as they likely do not contribute to churn prediction. Example hashing function:
  
• B. Dropping columns 'OBSOLETE_COLUMN' directly. Then, for PII columns ('FIRST_NAME, 'LAST_NAME, 'EMAIL', 'PHONE_NUMBER, 'ADDRESS', 'CITY', 'STATE' , , 'COUNTRY), create a separate table with anonymized or aggregated data for analysis unrelated to the churn model. Use Keep all PII columns but encrypt them using Snowflake's built-in encryption features to comply with data governance before building the model. Drop 'OBSOLETE COLUMN'.
• C. Dropping 'FIRST NAME, UST NAME, 'EMAIL', 'PHONE NUMBER, 'ADDRESS', 'CITY, 'STATE', ZIP CODE, 'COUNTRY and 'OBSOLETE_COLUMN' columns directly using 'LAST_NAME', 'EMAIL', 'PHONE_NUMBER', 'ADDRESS', 'CITY', 'STATE', 'ZIP_CODE', 'COUNTRY', without any further consideration.
• D. Keeping all columns as is and providing access to Data Scientists without any changes, relying on role based security access controls only.

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You are developing a regression model in Snowflake using Snowpark to predict house prices based on features like square footage, number of bedrooms, and location. After training the model, you need to evaluate its performance. Which of the following Snowflake SQL queries, used in conjunction with the model's predictions stored in a table named 'PREDICTED PRICES, would be the most efficient way to calculate the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) using Snowflake's built-in functions, given that the actual prices are stored in the 'ACTUAL PRICES' table?

• A. Option A
• B. Option E
• C. Option B
• D. Option C
• E. Option D

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You are developing a model to predict house prices based on structured data including size, number of bedrooms, location, and age. You have built a linear regression model within Snowflake. During the evaluation, you observe that the residuals exhibit heteroscedasticity. Which of the following actions is the LEAST appropriate to address heteroscedasticity in this scenario, considering you want to implement the solution primarily using Snowflake's built-in features and capabilities?

• A. Implement Weighted Least Squares (WLS) regression by calculating weights inversely proportional to the variance of the residuals for each data point. This involves creating a UDF to calculate weights and modifying the linear regression model fitting process. (Assume direct modification of the fitting process is possible within Snowflake).
• B. Include interaction terms between the independent variables in your linear regression model.
• C. Use robust standard errors in the linear regression analysis, even though Snowflake doesn't directly support calculating them. You decide to export model coefficients to an external statistics package (e.g., Python with Statsmodels) to compute robust standard errors and then bring insights back to Snowflake.
• D. Apply a logarithmic transformation to the target variable ('SALES_PRICE) using the 'LOG' function within Snowflake before training the linear regression model.
• E. Transform independent variables using Box-Cox transformation and include in Snowflake Linear Regression Model Training

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